Antiepileptic Drugs - Table 2
Main drugs for various types of epilepsy/syndrome in children
|
Epilepsy/Syndrome
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First-line
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Second-line (monotherapy or add-on) (*)
|
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Symptomatic focal epilepsy
|
CBZ, VPA
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LTG, OXC, TPM, GBP, LEV, PHT, PB, ZNS
|
|
IGE with absences
|
VPA, ESM
|
LTG, BDZs, LEV
|
|
IGE with myoclonus
|
VPA
|
ESM, BDZs, LEV, PB, TPM
|
|
IGE with GTCS
|
VPA
|
LTG, TPM, LEV, PB, BDZs
|
|
Infantile Spasms
|
GVG, Steroids
|
BDZs, VPA, LTG
|
|
Dravet syndrome
|
STP + VPA + CLB
|
BDZs, TPM, PB
|
|
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and related syndromes
|
VPA +/- LTG
|
LTG, TPM, RUF, BDZs, CBZ, GBP, GVG, FBM
|
Legend: (*) Second line or add-on because of no controlled studies in children, relatively limited clinical experience, high frequency of side effects; VPA = valproate; LTG = lamotrigine; CBZ = carbamazepine; ESM = ethosuximide; GVG = gamma vinyl-GABA; TPM = topiramate; GBP = gabapentin; PHT = phenytoin; LEV = levetiracetam; BDZs = benzodiazepines; PB = phenobarbitone; FBM = felbamate; STP = stiripentol; RUF = rufinamide; CLB = clobazam; ZNS = zonisamide; IGE = idiopathic generalized epilepsy; GTCS = generalized tonic-clonic seizures.